basic needs

basic needs

I Adj. primitive (auch Kunst); (einfach) basic; pej. (unwirksam) Werkzeug, Methode etc.: crude; primitive Bedürfnisse basic needs; die primitivsten Kenntnisse the most basic ( oder rudimentary) knowledge, the absolute basics; gegen die primitivsten Regeln des Anstands verstoßen Person: offend against the most elementary rules of behavio(u)r, have absolutely no sense of decency; ein primitiver Typ umg., pej. a caveman, a peasant, a Neanderthal; primitive Ansichten uninformed views; die Primitiven Pl. (Naturvölker) the primitive peoples

II Adv.: primitiv untergebracht sein live in primitive ( oder very basic) conditions; primitiv daherreden umg., pej. come out with crude ideas

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primitive

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1. adj

2. adv

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1) (vulgar; indecent: rude pictures.) rude

2) (simple or rough: He made a primitive boat out of some pieces of wood.) primitive

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1. (urtümlich) primitive

\primitive Kulturen/Kunst/Menschen primitive cultures/art/people

2. (elementar) basic

\primitive Bedürfnisse basic needs

3. (a. pej: simpel) primitive pej, crude

\primitive Hütte primitive [or liter rude] hut

\primitive Werkzeuge primitive tools

4. (pej: geistig tief stehend) primitive

ein \primitiver Kerl a lout, a yob[bo] BRIT fam

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1) primitive

2) (schlicht) simple; crude (derog.)

1) primitively

2) (schlicht) in a simple manner; crudely (derog.)

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A. adj primitive ( auch KUNST); (einfach) basic; pej (unwirksam) Werkzeug, Methode etc: crude;

primitive Bedürfnisse basic needs;

die primitivsten Kenntnisse the most basic ( oder rudimentary) knowledge, the absolute basics;

gegen die primitivsten Regeln des Anstands verstoßen Person: offend against the most elementary rules of behavio(u)r, have absolutely no sense of decency;

ein primitiver Typ umg, pej a caveman, a peasant, a Neanderthal;

primitive Ansichten uninformed views;

die Primitiven pl (Naturvölker) the primitive peoples

B. adv:

primitiv untergebracht sein live in primitive ( oder very basic) conditions;

primitiv daherreden umg, pej come out with crude ideas

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1) primitive

2) (schlicht) simple; crude (derog.)

1) primitively

2) (schlicht) in a simple manner; crudely (derog.)

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primitive adj. adv.

primitively adv.

1) General subject: basic needs, daily wants, immediate needs, the day's needs, daily living needs

2) Accounting: dally wants

3) Diplomatic term: primary needs

4) Mass media: essential needs

1) Military: basic needs, basic requirements, fundamental needs, fundamental requirements

2) Astronautics: top level requirements

3) Power engineering: concept (Noice Protection Concept - основные требования к защите от шума)

4) Makarov: basis requirements

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npl <Vw> basic needs, basics, bare necessities

m basic needs ( oder requirements) Pl.

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Grundbedarf m basic needs ( oder requirements) pl

1 accommodation, lodgings (alojamiento).

albergue de juventud o juvenil youth hostel

albergue transitorio hourly hotel (RP)

2 lodging, lodging house, hostelling, housing.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: albergar.

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► nombre masculino

1 (hostal) hostel

2 (refugio) shelter, refuge

\

dar albergue to take in, put up

albergue juvenil youth hostel

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1) lodging, hostel

2) shelter, refuge

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SM (=refugio) shelter, refuge; (=alojamiento) lodging; [de montaña] refuge, mountain hut; (Zool) lair, den

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a) ( alojamiento) lodging, accommodations (pl) (AmE)

b) ( hostal) hostel; ( en la montaña) refuge, shelter; (para vagabundos, mendigos) shelter

- albergue juvenil or de la juventud

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= shelter, hostel.

Ex. The basic needs of any worker are food, water, shelter, sleep, which sustain life on its most minimal level.

Ex. The author discusses the design of information management systems for Assistance Centres for Homeless People, which include hostels for homeless people, soup kitchens and other services.

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* albergue juvenil = youth hostel, student hostel.

* albergue para indigentes = poorhouse.

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a) ( alojamiento) lodging, accommodations (pl) (AmE)

b) ( hostal) hostel; ( en la montaña) refuge, shelter; (para vagabundos, mendigos) shelter

- albergue juvenil or de la juventud

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(alojamiento, cobijo): le dimos albergue en nuestra casa we took her in

encontró albergue en casa de unos parientes he was taken in by some relatives

2 (hostal) hostel

3 (en la montaña) refuge, shelter

4 (para vagabundos, mendigos) shelter, refuge ( BrE)

animal refuge

road house

youth hostel

( Esp) state-owned hotel

( Arg) hotel ( where rooms are rented by the hour)

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1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

a) ( hospedarse) to lodge

b) ( refugiarse) to shelter, take refuge

a) ( alojamiento) lodging, accommodations (pl) (AmE);

◊ darle albergue a algn to take sb in

b) ( hostal) hostel;

◊ albergue juvenil youth hostel

c) ( en la montaña) refuge, shelter;

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albergue nm

1. [alojamiento] accommodation, lodgings;

dar albergue a alguien to take sb in

2. [hostal] hostel

albergue de juventud youth hostel;

3. [de montaña] shelter, refuge

4. [establecimiento benéfico] hostel

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m hostel; benéfico refuge, shelter;

dar albergue a alguien take s.o. in

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albergue nm

1) : shelter, refuge

2) : hostel

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albergue n

1. (hostal) hostel

2. (refugio) shelter / refuge

1 protection.

al amparo de with the help of; (persona, caridad) under the protection of (ley)

2 Amparo.

3 special injunction.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: amparar.

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► nombre masculino

1 protection, shelter

\

al amparo de under the protection of

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1) (=protección)

2) (=refugio) shelter, refuge

3) (Jur)

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a) ( protección) protection

b) ( refugio) refuge

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= shelter, protection, a shoulder to cry on.

Ex. The basic needs of any worker are food, water, shelter, sleep, which sustain life on its most minimal level.

Ex. The second title may be indexed under: wire, rope, lubrication, corrosion, protection.

Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.

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* al amparo de la noche = under cover of night.

* al amparo de la oscuridad = under cover of darkness.

* buscar amparo = seek + shelter.

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a) ( protección) protection

b) ( refugio) refuge

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1 (protección) protection

están bajo mi amparo they're under my protection

al amparo de under the protection of

al amparo de la nueva ley under the (protection of the) new law

viven al amparo de la caridad pública they live on charity

al amparo de la noche under cover of (the) night o of darkness

2 (refugio) shelter

les dio amparo contra sus perseguidores she sheltered them o gave them refuge from their pursuers

su fe fue su amparo en la desgracia his faith was his refuge in times of misfortune

aquella cabaña era amparo de caminantes that hut provided shelter o refuge for travelers

3 ( Der) recurso de amparo (↑ recurso)

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1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

a) ( proteger) to protect;

◊ ¡que Dios nos ampare! may the Lord help us!

b) ( ofrecer refugio) to shelter, give shelter to

a) amparose en algo ‹ en la ley› to seek protection in sth;

◊ se amparó en su inmunidad diplomática he used his diplomatic immunity to protect himself

b) ( resguardarse) amparose de or contra algo to shelter from sth

a) ( protección) protection

b) ( refugio) refuge;

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amparo nm

protection;

su familia es su único amparo his family is his only place of refuge;

dar amparo a to give protection to, to protect;

al amparo de [persona, caridad] with the help of;

huyeron al amparo de la oscuridad they fled under cover of darkness

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m protection; ( cobijo) shelter;

al amparo de under the protection of

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amparo nm

acogida, refugio: protection, refuge

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amparo n

1. (protección) protection

2. (lugar de abrigo) shelter

(n.) = reference archivist

Ex. The reference archivist must be service-oriented and aim to meet the basic needs of the user = El archivero referencista debe dedicarse al servicio e intentar hacer frente a las necesidades básicas del usuario.

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(n.) = runaway shelter, refuge, shelter, homeless shelter, shelter home

Ex. The aim of the project is to put library materials in the hands of young adults in juvenile correctional facilities, rehabilitation clinics, runaway shelters, and foster care homes.

Ex. They usually develop good working relations with other outside bodies concerned with housing, such as women's refuges, housing associations, tenants' groups etc.

Ex. The basic needs of any worker are food, water, shelter, sleep, which sustain life on its most minimal level.

Ex. Police say an employee at a homeless shelter in downtown Charleston offered reduced lodging rates in exchange for sexual acts.

Ex. Many elderly people residing in publicly-funded shelter homes are underweight and may be at risk of undernutrition.

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shelter.

dar cobijo a alguien to give shelter to somebody, to take somebody in

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cobijar.

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► nombre masculino

1 (hospedaje) lodging

2 (refugio) shelter

3 figurado protection, refuge

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SM (=protección, hospedaje) shelter

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masculino shelter

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= shelter.

Ex. The basic needs of any worker are food, water, shelter, sleep, which sustain life on its most minimal level.

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* buscar cobijo = seek + shelter.

* ofrecer cobijo = provide + a home.

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masculino shelter

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1 (refugio, albergue) shelter

2 (protección) shelter

una familia les dio cobijo en su casa a family sheltered them in their house

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1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

◊ darle cobijo a algn to shelter sb

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cobijo nm

1. [refugio] shelter

2. [protección] protection, shelter;

dar cobijo a alguien to give shelter to sb, to take sb in

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m shelter, refuge

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cobijo n shelter

(adj.) = service-oriented

Ex. The reference archivist must be service-oriented and aim to meet the basic needs of the user = El archivero referencista debe dedicarse al servicio e intentar hacer frente a las necesidades básicas del usuario.

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(v.) = sustain + life

Ex. The basic needs of any worker are food, water, shelter, sleep, which sustain life on its most minimal level.

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1 shelter, refuge (place).

refugio antiaéreo air-raid shelter

refugio atómico nuclear bunker

refugio de montaña mountain shelter; (muy básico) mountain refuge (albergue)

refugio subterráneo bunker, underground shelter

2 refuge, comfort (amparo, consuelo).

3 traffic island (automobiles).

4 Refugio.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: refugiar.

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► nombre masculino

1 (gen) shelter, refuge

2 figurado refuge

3 AUTOMÓVIL traffic island

\

refugio antiaéreo air-raid shelter

refugio atómico (nuclear) fallout shelter

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1) (=sitio) refuge, shelter

2) Esp (Aut) street island

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a) (contra la lluvia, bombardeo) shelter; ( en montaña) refuge, shelter

b) ( contra perseguidores) refuge

c) ( en calzada) traffic island

- refugio antiaéreo

- refugio antinuclear or antiatómico

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= haven, refuge, shelter, bolt-hole, sanctuary, safe haven, safe harbour, redoubt, asylum, retreat, hideaway.

Ex. During the parliamentary debates he pointed out the advantages to the public that would accrue from such havens of quiet and reasonableness as the library.

Ex. 'Small, near-sighted, dreaming, bruised, an outlander in the city of his birth,' thirteen-year-old Aremis Slake fled one day to the only refuge he knew, the New York subway system.

Ex. The basic needs of any worker are food, water, shelter, sleep, which sustain life on its most minimal level.

Ex. Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.

Ex. The article 'A sanctuary for sciences: architecture projects for the Bibliotheque Nationale during the revolution' relates the history of the various conversion projects prepared for the national library before the French Revolution.

Ex. While there are features of public libraries which are to be cherished - the role as a community meeting place, a place to borrow books, a safe haven -- we must look for new opportunities.

Ex. One of the proposals made to protect children from the harmful effects of violence on television is to limit the showing of violent programmes to safe harbours when children are not viewing.

Ex. Privatization and liberalization have attacked the redoubts of workplace unionism.

Ex. The most significant of these projects are the international festival for literature and freedom of expression and the city's role as an asylum for persecuted authors.

Ex. The retreat, held in an off-campus community room during the Christmas break following an unusually hectic autumn term, lasted a full day.

Ex. This the perfect hideaway for newlyweds.

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* buscar refugio = seek + shelter.

* ofrecer refugio = provide + a home.

* refugio antiaéreo = bomb shelter.

* refugio antiatómico = fallout shelter.

* refugio antinuclear = fallout shelter.

* refugio atómico = fallout shelter.

* refugio de animales = wildlife centre.

* refugio de trinchera = dugout.

* refugio nuclear = fallout shelter.

* refugio para animales = animal sanctuary.

* refugio subterráneo = dugout.

* salir de + Posesivo + refugio = raise + Posesivo + head above the parapet.

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a) (contra la lluvia, bombardeo) shelter; ( en montaña) refuge, shelter

b) ( contra perseguidores) refuge

c) ( en calzada) traffic island

- refugio antiaéreo

- refugio antinuclear or antiatómico

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1 (lugar) shelter; (en la montaña) refuge, shelter

2 (en la calzada) traffic island

3 (de un ataque) refuge; (de la lluvia) shelter

buscar refugio en otro país to seek refuge in another country

air-raid shelter

fallout shelter

nuclear shelter

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1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

a) (de la lluvia, bombardeo) shelter;

b) (de un ataque, perseguidores) refuge;

◊ buscar refugio to seek refuge

c) ( en calzada) traffic island

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refugio nm

1. [lugar] shelter, refuge

refugio antinuclear nuclear bunker;

refugio atómico nuclear bunker;

refugio de montaña [muy básico] mountain shelter;

refugio subterráneo bunker, underground shelter

2. [amparo, consuelo] refuge, comfort;

la gente busca refugio en la religión people seek refuge in religion

3. Aut traffic island

4. refugio fiscal tax shelter;

refugio tributario tax shelter

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m refuge;

buscar refugio look for shelter, seek refuge

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refugio nm

: refuge, shelter

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refugio n refuge / shelter

1  elementary 〈 ook natuurkunde〉 ⇒ fundamental, basic

♦voorbeelden:

1   elementaire behoeften • elementary/basic needs

     elementaire kennis • elementary/basic knowledge

     een elementair onderdeel is zoek • a basic part is missing

     〈 natuurkunde〉 elementair kwantum • unit quantity

     elementaire wiskunde • elementary/basic mathematics

     elementair voor een goed resultaat • essential for a good result

¶   met elementaire kracht • with elemental force

1. verb

1) to require:

2) to be obliged:

2. noun

1) something essential, that one must have:

2) poverty or other difficulty:

3) a reason:

pri·mi·tiv [primiʼti:f] adj

1) ( urtümlich) primitive;

\primitive Kulturen/ Menschen primitive cultures/people;

\primitive Kunst primitive art

2) ( elementar) basic;

\primitive Bedürfnisse basic needs;

3) (a. pej: simpel) primitive ( pej), crude;

\primitive Hütte primitive [or ( liter) rude] hut;

\primitive Werkzeuge primitive tools;

4) (pej: geistig tief stehend) primitive;

ein \primitiver Kerl a lout, a yob[bo] ( Brit) ( fam)

ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)

① the commencement of someth. as an action, process, or state of being, beginning, i.e. a point of time at the beginning of a duration.

ⓐ gener. (opp. τέλος; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1 ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους; Ael. Aristid. 30, 24 K.=10 p. 123 D.: ἐξ ἀ. εἰς τέλος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9, §36; Wsd 7:18) B 1:6; IEph 14:1; IMg 13:1; IRo 1:2, cp. vs. 1. W. gen. foll. (OGI 458, 10 life) ἡμέρας ὀγδόης B 15:8; ἡμερῶν (2 Km 14:26) Hb 7:3; τῶν σημείων first of the signs J 2:11 (ἀ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου δόγματος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20; cp. Isocr., Paneg. 10:38 Blass ἀλλʼ ἀρχὴν μὲν ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τ. εὐεργεσιῶν, τροφὴν τοῖς δεομένοις εὑρεῖν=but [Athens] made this the starting point of her benefactions: to provide basic needs for livelihood; Pr 8:22; Jos., Ant. 8, 229 ἀ. κακῶν); ὠδίνων Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8; κακῶν ISm 7:2. As the beginning, i.e. initial account, in a book (Ion of Chios [V B.C.] 392 Fgm. 24 Jac. [=Leurini no. 114] ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου; Polystrat. p. 28; Diod S 17, 1, 1 ἡ βύβλος τὴν ἀ. ἔσχε ἀπὸ …; Ael. Aristid. 23, 2 K.=42 p. 768 D.: ἐπʼ ἀρχῇ τοῦ συγγράμματος; Diog. L. 3, 37 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς Πολιτείας; cp. Sb 7696, 53; 58 [250 A.D.]) ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰ. Χ. Beginning of the gospel of J. C. Mk 1:1 (cp. Hos 1:2 ἀ. λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ὡσηέ; s. RHarris, Exp. 8th ser., 1919, 113–19; 1920, 142–50; 334–50; FDaubanton, NThSt 2, 1919, 168–70; AvanVeldhuizen, ibid., 171–75; EEidem, Ingressen til Mkevangeliet: FBuhl Festschr. 1925, 35–49; NFreese, StKr 104, ’32, 429–38; AWikgren, JBL 61, ’42, 11–20 [ἀρχή=summary]; LKeck, NTS 12, ’65/66, 352–70). ἀ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως original commitment Hb 3:14. ἀρχὴν ἔχειν w. gen. of the inf. begin to be someth. IEph 3:1. ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν begin (Polyb.; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Diog. L., Prooem. 3, 4; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Philo, Mos. 1, 81) λαλεῖσθαι to be proclaimed at first Hb 2:3; cp. IEph 19:3.—W. prep. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς from the beginning (Paus. 3, 18, 2; SIG 741, 20; UPZ 160, 15 [119 B.C.]; BGU 1141, 44; JosAs 23:4; Jos., Ant. 8, 350; 9, 30) J 6:64 v.l.; 15:27; 1J 2:7, 24; 3:11; 2J 5f; Ac 26:4; MPol 17:1; Hs 9, 11, 9; Dg 12:3. οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. αὐτόπται those who fr. the beginning were eyewitnesses Lk 1:2. Also ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Diod. Sic. 18, 41, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 [189]; SIG 547, 9; 634, 4; UPZ 185 II 5; PGen 7, 8; BGU 1118, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 358) J 6:64; 16:4; 1 Cl 19:2; Pol 7:2; Dg 2:1. πάλιν ἐξ ἀ. (Ael. Aristid. 21, 10 K.=22 p. 443 D.; SIG 972, 174) again fr. the beginning (=afresh, anew; a common expr., Renehan ’75, 42) B 16:8. ἐν ἀρχῇ (Diod S 19, 110, 5; Palaeph. p. 2, 3; OGI 56, 57; PPetr II, 37, 2b verso, 4; PTebt 762, 9; POxy 1151, 15; BGU 954, 26; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 4 Sch.]) at the beginning, at first Ac 11:15; AcPlCor 2:4. ἐν ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου when the gospel was first preached Phil 4:15; sim., word for word, w. ref. to beg. of 1 Cor: 1 Cl 47:2.—τὴν ἀ. J 8:25, as nearly all the Gk. fathers understood it, is emphatically used adverbially=ὅλως at all (Plut., Mor. 115b; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 12; 14 [31], 5; 133; Lucian, Eunuch. 6 al.; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 3; POxy 472, 17 [c. 130 A.D.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 121; Jos., Ant. 1, 100; 15, 235 al.; as a rule in neg. clauses, but the negation can inhere in the sense: 48th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 356, 17]; Philo, Abrah. 116, Decal. 89; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 6, 11; without art. ApcSed 10:3; cp. Hs 2:5 cj. by W., endorsed by Joly; s. Field, Notes, 93f) τὴν ἀ. ὅτι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν (how is it) that I even speak to you at all? But s. B-D-F §300, 2. More prob. the mng. is somewhat as follows: What I said to you from the first (so NT in Basic English; sim. REB et al.; cp. τὴν ἀρχήν ‘at the beginning’ Thu 2, 74, 2; s. also RFunk, HTR 51, ’58, 95–100; B-D-F §300, 2, but appeal to P⁶⁶ is specious, s. EMiller, TZ 36, ’80, 261).

ⓑ beginning, origin in the abs. sense (ἀ. τῆς τῶν πάντων ὑποστάσεως Orig. C. Cels. 6, 65, 4) ἀ. πάντων χαλεπῶν Pol 4:1; ἀ. κακῶν ISm 7:2 (cp. 1 Ti 6:10, which has ῥίζα for ἀ., and s. e.g. Ps 110:10; Sir 10:13); ἀ. κόσμου B 15:8; ἀ. πάντων PtK 2, p. 13, 21. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς fr. the very beginning (Is 43:13; Wsd 9:8; 12:11; Sir 24:9 al.; PsSol 8:31; GrBar 17:2) Mt 19:4, 8; J 8:44; 1J 1:1 (of the Hist. beg. of Christianity: HWendt, D. Johannesbriefe u. d. joh. Christent. 1925, 31f; HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.; difft. HConzelmann, RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 194–201); 3:8; 2 Th 2:13; ὁ ἀπʼ ἀ. 1J 2:13f; Dg 11:4; οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. those at the very beginning, the first people 12:3; τὰ ἀπʼ ἀ. γενόμενα 1 Cl 31:1; ἀπʼ ἀ. κτίσεως Mk 10:6; 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4 (on ἀ. κτίσεως cp. En 15:9); ἀπʼ ἀ. κόσμου Mt 24:21. Also ἐξ ἀ. (X., Mem. 1, 4, 5; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D. [of the existence of Zeus]; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]; B 4 p. 109, 7 [St. p. 66]; Ath., R. 16, p. 67, 18; Philo, Aet. M. 42, Spec. Leg. 1, 300; Did., Gen. 50, 1) Dg 8:11; ἐν ἀ. in the beginning (Simplicius in Epict. p. 104, 2; Did., Gen. 29, 25 al.) J 1:1f; ἐν ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως B 15:3. κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beg. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; cp. Hdt. 3, 153 et al.; Diod S; Plut.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 92, Det. Pot. Insid. 118; Ps 118:152; Just., D. 2, 3).

② one with whom a process begins, beginning fig., of pers. (Gen 49:3 Ῥουβὴν σὺ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου; Dt 21:17): of Christ Col 1:18. W. τέλος of God or Christ Rv 1:8 v.l.; 21:6; 22:13 (Hymn to Selene 35 ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ: Orphica p. 294, likew. PGM 4, 2836; 13, 362; 687; Philo, Plant. 93; Jos., Ant. 8, 280; others in Rtzst., Poim. 270ff and cp. SIG 1125, 7–11 Αἰών, … ἀρχὴν μεσότητα τέλος οὐκ ἔχων, expressed from the perspective of historical beginning).

③ the first cause, the beginning (philos. t.t. ODittrich, D. Systeme d. Moral I 1923, 360a, 369a;—Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190 God as ἀρχὴ κ. μέσα κ. τέλος τῶν πάντων [contrast SIG 1125, 10f]) of Christ ἡ ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως Rv 3:14; but the mng. beginning=‘first created’ is linguistically probable (s. above 1b and Job 40:19; also CBurney, Christ as the Ἀρχή of Creation: JTS 27, 1926, 160–77). [ὁ γὰ]ρ π̣̄ρ̣̄ (=πατὴρ) [ἀρ]|χή ἐ[ς]τ̣[ιν τῶν μ]ελλόν|των for the Father is the source of all who are to come into being in contrast to the προπάτωρ, who is without a beginning Ox 1081, 38f (SJCh 91, 1 ἀρχή; on the context, s. WTill, TU 60/5, ’55 p. 57).

④ a point at which two surfaces or lines meet, corner (from the perspective of an observer the object appears to begin at that point), pl. corners of a sheet Ac 10:11; 11:5 (cp. Hdt. 4, 60; Diod S 1, 35, 10).

⑤ a basis for further understanding, beginning τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀ. elementary principles Hb 5:12 (perh. w. an element of gentle satire: ‘the discrete items or ABC’s that compose the very beginning [of divine instructions]’; cp. MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45, esp. 239f). ὁ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ Χ. λόγος elementary Christian teaching 6:1.

⑥ an authority figure who initiates activity or process, ruler, authority (Aeschyl., Thu. et al.; ins; pap, e.g. PHal 1, 226 μαρτυρείτω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Gen 40:13, 21; 41:13; 2 Macc 4:10, 50 al., s. Magie 26; so as a loanw. in rabb. ἀ. = νόμιμος ἐπιστασία Did., Gen. 60, 9) w. ἐξουσία Lk 20:20; pl. (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 26 ἀρχαὶ κ. ἐξουσίαι; 4 Macc 8:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 220) Lk 12:11; Tit 3:1; MPol 10:2 (αἱ ἀρχαί can also be the officials as persons, as those who took part in the funeral procession of Sulla: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 106 §497.—The same mng. 2, 106 §442; 2, 118 §498 al. Likewise Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 2, 31).—Also of angelic or transcendent powers, since they were thought of as having a political organization (Damascius, Princ. 96 R.) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15; AcPl Ha 1, 7. Cp. TestJob 49, 2; Just., D. 120, 6 end.

⑦ the sphere of one’s official activity, rule, office (Diod S 3, 53, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §57; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177, Ant. 19, 273), or better domain, sphere of influence (Diod S 17, 24, 2; Appian, Syr. 23 §111; Arrian, Anab. 6, 29, 1; Polyaen. 8:55; Procop. Soph., Ep. 139) of angels Jd 6. Papias (4 v.l. for ἄρχω).—S. the lit. on ἄγγελος and HSchlier, Mächte u. Gewalten im NT: ThBl 9, 1930, 289–97.—144–50 (‘Archai’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω D. M-M. TW. Sv.

 

универсальное обслуживание
Электрическое обслуживание, достаточное для удовлетворения базовых нужд (возникающий ряд базовых услуг), доступное практически всем представителям населения, независимо от доходов (Термины Рабочей Группы правового регулирования ЭРРА).
[Англо-русский глосcарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

EN

universal service
Electric service sufficient for basic needs (an evolving bundle of basic services) available to virtually all members of the population regardless of income (ERRA Legal Regulation Working Group Terms).
[Англо-русский глосcарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• universal service